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Slide 1

Survival and Sparsely Settled Areas

Presented by
Michel Leduc
Transport Canada, System Safety

Slide 2

Michel Leduc

System Safety Specialist
System Safety
700 Leigh Capreol
Dorval QC H4Y 1G7
Tel.: 514 633-3484 Fax.: 514 633-3705
leducmi@tc.gc.ca

Slide 3

Knowledge Update

CARs Standard 421.05

  • TC seminar
  • Recurrent training program approved by TC
  • PPC
  • New or renewed annotation
  • Written exam
  • Flight review with an instructor
  • Self-training: Aviation Safety Letter

 

 

Slide 4

 

 

Progression

Sparsely Settled Areas

Hierarchy of Needs

Threats to Survival

Survival Equipment

Readiness

Resources

Slide 5

Progression

Sparsely Settled Areas

Hierarchy of Needs

Threats to Survival

Survival Equipment

Readiness

Resources

 

 

Slide 6

 

 

Sparsely Settled Areas

  • A sparsely settled area is not a defined geographic area
  • The pilot is responsible for deciding what survival equipment will be brought on board to comply with the regulations

Slide 7

Sparsely Settled Area

A.I.P. Canada Air 2.14

Less accessible

Less flight information available

Weather data

NAVAIDs

Fuel supply

Food and lodging

Maintenance installation

 

 

Slide 8

 

 

Progression

Sparsely Settled Areas

Hierarchy of Needs

Threats to Survival

Survival Equipment

Readiness

Resources

Slide 9

Hierarchy of Needs

 

 

 

 

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Physiological

Eating

Drinking

Sleeping

“Evacuating”

Breathing

Maintaining the body’s temperature

Avoiding pain

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Safety

Having a shelter

Having supplies

Not feeling threatened

To be safe from dangers

Mainly about fears

 

 

 

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Love

Not being excluded

Need of love

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Esteem

Recognition

Self respect

Social ranking

Consideration

 

 

 

Slide 14

Self Actualization

To transcend or surpass

Achieve

Improve oneself

Slide 15

Hierarchy of Needs

 

 

 

Slide 16

 

 

Progression

Sparsely Settled Areas

Hierarchy of Needs

Threats to Survival

Survival Equipment

Readiness

Resources

Slide 17

Threats to Survival

Hunger

Cold

Fatigue

Thirst

Loneliness

Pain

Boredom

 

 

Slide 18

 

 

Hunger

3 weeks without food

4 000 to 6 000 kJ/day (1 000 to 1 500 Cal)

Headache

Aggressiveness

Incoherence

Moral

Slide 19

Hunger

!!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!!

Supplies for 24 to 48 hours

Avoid chocolate and other sources of sugars, choose energy bars (sport centre, outdoor store) with a high protein content instead

Be careful with dehydrated food, they will make you thirsty!

 

 

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Cold

85% of body heat is lost from the head

Numbing

Inability to think

Loss of will

Increases fatigue levels

Slide 21

Cold

Temperature lower at night in rural regions

Humidity makes you feel colder

You CAN die from hypothermia

 

 

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Cold

!!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!!

Have a supply of blankets or sleeping bags

Build a fire

Don’t keep wet clothing on; stay dry

Build a shelter

Physical activity

Human warmth

Slide 23

Fatigue

Lack of attention, carelessness

Leads to giving up

Incoherence

Injuries

Aggravates the situation

Increases with stress

 

 

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Fatigue

!!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!!

Sleep !!!

Take turns

Maintain a heat source

Secure site

Stay in good physical condition

Slide 25

Thirst

3 days without water

Loose 2 to 3 litres per day

Aggravated by sickness, vomiting, diarrhoea and blood loss

 

 

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Thirst

!!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!!

Have a flask with at least 1L of liquid

Purification devices: Pump, drops, tablets

Boil it

DO NOT DRINK URINE

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Thirst

!!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!!

Manage perspiration

Find shade

Breathe through the nose instead of through the mouth

Digestion requires water

Avoid alcohol

 

 

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Loneliness

Deceitful and unpredictable

Refers to mental

Left out, abandoned

Leads to insanity

Slide 29

Loneliness

!!! SUGGESTION DE SOLUTION !!!

Radio

Imaginary friend

 

 

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Pain

Requires energy

Can prevent from seeing to other needs

So intense it can lead losing the “will to live”

Slide 31

Pain

!!! SUGGESTION DE SOLUTION !!!

Avoid injuries and sicknesses

Have a first aid kit and know how to use it!

Carry medication such as Insulin or an “EpiPen

 

 

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Boredom

Tied with loneliness

Mind not busy enough

Plays with imagination

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Boredom

!!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!!

Work around camp

Look for water, food and fuel

Deck of cards

Imaginary friend

 

 

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Fight the Threats

Hunger

Cold

Fatigue

Thirst

Loneliness

Pain

Boredom

Slide 35

Progression

Sparsely Settled Areas

Hierarchy of Needs

Threats to Survival

Survival Equipment

Readiness

Resources

 

 

Slide 36

 

 

TC Requirements

CAR 602.61

- Light a fire

- Provide shelter

- Provide or purify water

- Send visual distress signals

See also A.I.P. Canada:

AIR 4.13

AIR Annex

Slide 37

TC Requirements

One must consider

Geographic location

Season

Climatic changes

 

 

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Survival Kit Example

THIS LIST IS ONLY AN EXAMPLE, FEEL FREE TO ADD WHATEVER YOU THINK IS USEFUL!

- Safety matches, lighter, candles

- Tarpaulin, garbage bag, wool blanket

- Flask, pump, purifying caplets

- Mirror, flashlight, flares

- Survival rations, camping burner

Slide 39

Progression

Sparsely Settled Areas

Hierarchy of Needs

Threats to Survival

Survival Equipment

Readiness

Resources

 

 

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Readiness

Plan flight according to what is available

- Weather info

- NAVAIDs

- NOTAMs

- Emergency plan

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Readiness

File a flight plan or a flight itinerary

Follow the flight plan

Broadcast your position

- regularly

- every time you change heading

Close the flight plan

 

 

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Readiness

Pilot readiness

- Training

- Awareness

- Verification

- Practice

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Readiness

Passengers’ readiness

- Briefing and written procedures

- Risk awareness

- Leadership

- Rehearsal

 

 

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Are you dressed for survival?

 

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Readiness

Clothing

- Long sleeves

- Fall jacket

- Walking shoes

- Winter clothes or bug net

Knife, whistle, lighter and energy bar in pockets

 

 

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Readiness

Emergency broadcast on actual frequency and on 121.5, in English and French, without expecting an answer

ELT on “ON”, make sure that it is working, and position it so as to maximize its range—do not turn it off!

Transponder on 7 700

Stay close to aircraft if possible

Slide 47

Progression

Sparsely Settled Areas

Hierarchy of Needs

Threats to Survival

Survival Equipment

Readiness

Resources

 

 

Slide 48

 

 

Resources

A.I.P. Canada

SAR 4.8

AIR 2.14

AIR 4.13

AIR Annex

CFS

Section A

Section F

Slide 49

Resources

Satellite phones :

http://www.iridium.com

http://www.infosat.com

Phone number

Trenton : 1 800 267-7270

 

 

Slide 50

 

 

Resources

http://www.ecolemanitou.com/

SAS Survival Guide - ISBN: 0 00 472302-3