Each instructor should:
- Tell the students specifically what is required of them during the lesson and at the end of the lesson (the "what" of the introduction).
- Identify the main teaching points for the student by:
- using visual support (i.e. chalkboard, orientation board, or other visual aids); and
- verbally referring to the visual aids.
- Tell the student the purpose of the lesson and stress the advantages of the new knowledge or skill (the "why" of the introduction).
- Tell students where the lesson fits into the overall picture.
- Relate the lesson to past and/or future experiences of the student (the "where" of the introduction).
- Confirm that students are at the required level before having them learn new material.
- Present the new material in stages (a stage should normally be 8-12 minutes duration).
- Introduce each stage of the lesson and provide a link or bridge between stages.
- Obtain student feedback throughout the lesson by:
- asking questions;
- observing student performance of a skill;
- looking at students (watching for facial expressions); and
- student questions.
- Respond to feedback by:
- answering questions;
- stopping students doing a step of a skill incorrectly;
- reviewing material or steps;
- asking questions;
- correcting the student if an error has been made;
- explaining why the student's performance is incorrect;
- using verbal support;
- re-teaching (if necessary); and
- praising students for good work.
- Appear enthusiastic about the subject being taught.
- Use speech variation in rate, volume and pitch.
- Have students answer questions related to the objective(s) for the lesson during the presentation of new material.
- Use correct questioning techniques.
- Use a variety of training aids to appeal to as many senses as possible whenever these aids contribute to achieving of the objective(s) of the lesson.
- Provide sufficient meaningful practice of the main points of the lesson so that students confidently achieve the objective.
- Allot time relative to the importance of the teaching point.
- Identify and correct errors or mistakes made by the students at the time they occur or as soon thereafter as practicable.
- Use clearly worded explanations.
- Deliver the lesson in a logical sequence.
- Have students carry out speed and/or ability competitions during latter stages of practice, if suited to the objective(s).
- Conduct periodic reviews of critical areas of the lesson.
- Summarize the main points of each stage.
- Confirm student learning at the end of each stage.
- Test students on the main points of the entire lesson towards the end of the lesson.
- Provide a final summary that links all stages to the objective(s) of the lesson.
- Re-motivate students by telling how the new knowledge or skill will benefit them.