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  6. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) establishes rules governing all uses of the world's oceans, seas, and their resources. It applies the notion that all problems of ocean space are closely interrelated, and need to be addressed as a whole. The UNCLOS consists of 320 articles and 9 annexes. It governs all aspects of ocean space including: delimitation; environmental control; marine scientific research; economic and commercial activities; transfer of technology; and the settlement of disputes relating to ocean matters.

Article 234 allows Arctic states to adopt and enforce non-discriminatory laws and regulations for the prevention, reduction, and control of marine pollution from vessels operating in ice-covered waters. The authority vested in Article 234 confers special powers and responsibilities on circumpolar states.

Canadian Coast Guard Icebreaker in the Arctic

Date modified:
2010-01-14