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Chapter 27 - Second-class Engineer, Motor Ship and Steamship

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General

27.1 General requirements

The general requirements for a certificate as Second-class Engineer, Motor Ship or Steamship, are listed in section 145 of the Marine Personnel Regulations.

27.2 Validity of certificates

  1. The holder of this certificate may act:
    1. as second engineer and watchkeeping engineer on all types of vessels other than ACVs, subject to the propulsion type specified on the certificate, without voyage limitations or propulsive power restrictions; and
    2. as chief engineer, subject to the propulsion type specified on the certificate, and to the voyage limitations and propulsive power restrictions specified in Table I.
Voyage Unlimited voyage and near coastal voyage, class 1, not limited to Canadian ports Near coastal voyage, class 1, between Canadian ports Near coastal voyage, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes Basin Near coastal voyage, class 2 Sheltered waters voyage or limited near coastal voyage, class 2
Type of Vessel
Passenger Not more than 3000 kW Not more than 4000 kW Not more than 4000 kW Not more than 7000 kW Not more than 7000 kW
Cargo Not more than 3000 kW Not more than 5000 kW Not more than 7000 kW Not more than 7000 kW No limit
Tug Not more than 3000 kW Not more than 6000 kW Not more than 6000 kW Not more than 7000 kW No limit
Fishing Not more than 5000 kW Not more than 5000 kW No limit No limit No limit

Syllabuses of Examinations

27.3 Ship management practices (examination code: PPSSIM2)

Refer to Chapter 26 of this TP.

27.4 Applied Mechanics (examination code: 2APM)

  1. The duration of the examination is 3½ hours.
  2. The examination consists of problem-solving questions and the applicant answers 6 out of 9
Subject  Required knowledge
Statics and forces Force as a vector; triangle and polygon forces; resultant and equilibrant of a system of concurrent coplanar forces; equilibrium of three coplanar forces; moment of a force; couples; moments of areas and volumes; centroids and centres of gravity (limited to geometrical shapes); conditions of equilibrium of solids; necessary force applied parallel to an inclined plane to pull body up or down the plane or to hold it stationary (including effect of friction); work done at uniform speed up the plane.
Friction Coefficient of friction; friction angle; energy and power loss due to friction in simple bearings.
Kinematics Linear motion; graphs and equations for displacement, speed, velocity and uniform acceleration; velocity as a vector; relative velocities in one plane only; angular motion; equations for displacement, velocity and uniform acceleration.
Dynamics Work and power; problems with constant force or force with linear variation; energy; potential energy; kinetic energy of translation; Newton’s laws of motion; conservation of momentum; centrifugal force and its application to conical pendulum, unloaded governor, curved tracks and machine parts; stress in thin rim due to centrifugal action.
Machines Simple lifting machine; graphs of load effort and load efficiency; linear law; velocity ratio, mechanical advantage and efficiency of the following machines: wheel and axle, differential wheel and axle, rope-pulley blocks, differential-pulley blocks, screw jack, Warwick screw, hydraulic jack, worm-driven chain blocks and single- and double-purchase crab winches; reduction gearing.
Stress and strain Direct stress and strain; modulus of elasticity; shear stress and strain; modulus of rigidity; factor of safety; stress due to restricted expansion or contraction of single members.
Beams Shearing force and bending moment diagrams for cantilevers and simple supported beams with concentrated or uniformly-distributed loads; stress due to bending.
Torsion Strength and stiffness of solid or hollow shafts; stress due to torsion; power transmitted by shafts and coupling bolts.
Thin shells Circumferential and longitudinal stress in thin cylindrical shells subject to internal pressure.
Hydrostatics Equilibrium of floating bodies; variation of fluid pressure with depth; total force due to liquid pressure on immersed plane surfaces, horizontal or vertical; centre of pressure on a rectangular vertical plane surface or triangular plane surface, both with one edge parallel to the surface of the liquid.
Hydraulics Full-bore flow of liquid through pipes under constant head; flow through orifice; coefficients of velocity, contraction of area and discharge.

27.5 Thermodynamics (examination code: 2H-H)

  1. The duration of the examination is 3½ hours.
  2. The examination consists of problem-solving questions and the applicant answers 6 out of 9 questions.
Subject Required knowledge
Heat Temperature and its measurement; absolute temperature; specific heat capacity; specific enthalpy of evaporation and fusion; problems involving changes of phase and not more than three substances; linear, superficial and volumetric expansion due to temperature changes; coefficients and the relationship between them.
Basic thermodynamic principles Properties of working substances and the first law of thermodynamics; flow and non-flow processes and their application to steady-flow and non-flow processes.
Heat transfer Qualitative treatment of heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation; laws of conduction and thermal conductance and applications to problems.
Gases laws Boyle’s and Charles’ laws for perfect gases; characteristic equation; constant R and its use in simple problems; isothermal, adiabatic and polytrophic processes; relationships between pressure, temperature and volume; work done; change in internal energy; specific heat Cp and Cv and the relationship between them.
Ideal gas cycles Constant volume cycles; diesel cycle; dual cycle; air standard efficiency.
IC engines Elementary principles and cycles of operation; actual indicator diagrams; mean effective pressure; work done; power developed; indicated and brake thermal efficiencies; mechanical efficiency; overall efficiency; fuel consumption; energy balance chart.
Air compressors Elementary principles and cycles of operation; calculation of work done; indicator diagrams, reciprocating and rotating machines.
Properties of steam Dryness fraction; superheated steam; internal energy; enthalpy; specific volume; steam tables; throttling; separating and throttling calorimeters; use of steam tables and charts.
Steam plant Advantages of using steam expansively; thermal, mechanical and overall efficiencies of prime movers; boiler efficiency; heat balance for engine and boiler trials; change in dissolved solids in boilers and evaporators due to contaminated feed and effect of blowing down; elementary principles of steam turbines, including simple velocity diagrams for impulse and reaction turbines; force and work done on turbine blades.
Combustion Solid and liquid fuels; calorific value; chemical equations for complete combustion; theoretical minimum air required; excess air effect.
Refrigeration Vapour-compression cycle; refrigerating effect; cooling load; use of tables of properties of refrigerants; coefficient of performance.

27.6 Electrotechnology (examination code: 2ELC)

  1. The duration of the examination is 3½ hours.
  2. The examination consists of problem-solving and essay-type questions and the applicant answers 6 out of 9 questions.
Subject Required knowledge
The electric circuit Units (ampere, ohm, volt); difference between electromotive force and potential difference; Ohm’s law; Kirchoff’s laws; simple-series and parallel circuits involving EMF current and resistances; non-linear resistors in parallel with constant value resistors; power and energy; specific resistance; temperature coefficient of resistance; conductor resistance, effect of length, area, material and temperature; DC 2 wire distribution system; types of insulation; Wheatstone network bridge, slide-wire bridge; applications to steering gears, resistance pyrometers, strain gauges etc.
Electrolytic action and secondary cells Theory of electrolytic dissociation applied to common solutions; uses of electrolysis; secondary cells (acid or alkaline), construction and principles, maintenance, charging; watt-hour and ampere-hour efficiencies.
Electromagnetism Electromagnetic induction; simple magnetic circuit; simple magnetic theory; magnetic field; lines of force; field strength; field intensity; magnetic fields due to current in straight conductors, loops, coils and solenoids; relative directions of current and field; Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws; magnitude and direction of induced EMF; force produced on a current-carrying conductor; flux density; effect of iron; magneto motive-force; permeability; reluctance; simple magnetic circuit; typical B/H and u/B curves.
Electronics Qualitative treatment of atomic structure and bonding; semi-conductors; junction diodes, junction transistors and their operating characteristics; simple transistor circuits; conduction in gases, insulators, semi-conductors and conductors; photo-electric effect.
Alternating-current theory Simple continuous periodic waves: frequency, amplitude, instantaneous, maximum r.m.s. and average values, form factor; phasor representation of AC quantities; phase difference; the inductor; inductance and its effect on the circuit; the capacitor, capacitance and its effect on the circuit; simple- series and parallel circuits; relationship between resistance, reactance and impedance; simple treatment of power factor; power in single-phase AC circuit.
Instruments Qualitative treatment of the principles and functions of AC and DC, indicating instruments and relays; uses of shunts and series resistances to increase the range; rectifiers and transducers.
Distribution systems Systems for AC and DC shipboard installations; protective devices such as fuses, circuit breakers, earth lamps; cable material and installation; connection of shore supply; operation and testing by standard methods; maintenance of additional and control equipment to be observed during testing, and evaluation of test results.
DC Machines The principles, constructional details and protection of DC-series, shunt and compound-wound motors and generators; self-excitation, EMF and load-voltage equations; load characteristics; methods of voltage control; paralleling procedures and load sharing for generators; need for and types of starter; speed and torque equations; speed control of DC motors.
AC Machines Simple explanation of the principles, constructional details and protection of alternators, squirrel-cage induction motors and single-phase transformers; parallel running and synchronising theory.
Propulsion Principles and operation of electric propulsion; construction details; control of excitation; killer circuits; connection of armatures; monitoring and control of field current; basic circuitry.

27.7 Naval Architecture (examination code: 2NAR)

  1. The duration of the examination is 3½ hours.
  2. The examination consists of problem-solving questions and the applicant answers 6 out of 9 questions.
Subject Required knowledge
General Displacement, wetted surface, block, mid-section, prismatic and water plane area coefficient; tonne per centimetre immersion; application of Simpson’s rules to areas, moment of area, volumes and moment of volume.
Draught and buoyancy Alteration of mean draught due to change in density of water; buoyancy and reserve buoyancy; effect of bilging amidship compartments.
Transverse stability Centre of gravity; centre of buoyancy; metacentre; shift of centre of gravity due to addition or removal of mass, transverse movement of mass, suspended mass; stability at small angles of heel (given the second moment of area of the water plane or formulae); the inclining experiment; hydrostatic curves and stability curves.
Resistance and propulsion Comparison of skin frictional resistance of hull with model at different speeds; Rf = f.S.Vn and residual resistance; admiralty and fuel coefficients; relation between speed of vessel and fuel consumption with constant displacement and assuming that resistance varies as (speed) zYn; elementary treatment of propeller and simple problems on pitch, pitch ratio, apparent slip, real slip, wake, thrust and power.
Structural strength Simple problems on strength of structural members to resist liquid pressure; loading due to head of liquid.
Ship construction Common terms used in the measurement of steel ships (e.g., length between perpendiculars, breadth overall, moulded depth, draught and freeboard); definitions of shipbuilding terms in general use; descriptions and sketches of structural members in ordinary types of steel ships; water-tight doors, hatches, rudders, bow thrusters, propellers, watertight bulk-heads, double bottoms, anchors and cables; descriptive treatment of effect of free surface of liquids on stability; arrangements for the carriage of dangerous goods in bulk; strengthening of vessels for navigation in ice; welding in steel ships.
Ventilation arrangements Natural and mechanical ventilation for pump rooms in tankers and for holds and oil fuel tanks, accommodation and machinery spaces.
Tanks Fore and aft peak tanks, double bottom and deep tank filling and pumping arrangements; compartmental drainage; levelling arrangements for damaged side compartments.
Inspection Underwater parts of a ship in dry-dock; provision of fire protection; security arrangements.

27.8 Technical drawing (examination code: 2D)

  1. The examination is of 6 hours’ duration.
  2. The examination consists of a test to produce a general assembly drawing.
Subject Required knowledge
General The Drawing paper consists of a test of the applicant’s ability to produce a satisfactory general-assembly drawing embodying the principles of projection and displaying his knowledge of marine engineering. Applicants will be asked to draw a plan, elevation, section or combination of these views of a piece of marine machinery from information supplied in the form of a dimensional pictorial drawing of individual components. All the required information for the completion of the drawing will be given in the question paper.
Engineering knowledge The assembled machinery must be able to perform the intended function with respect to size shape and material employed; parts shown must be capable of being removed, and proper clearances, valve lifts etc. duly allowed for.
Proper use of paper Choice of suitable scale and view positions, so as to make optimum use of the paper.
Proper use of types of lines Thickness and types of lines to indicate: visible outlines, dimension, projections, extension, hatching and leader lines; lines showing hidden details, portions to be removed; centre lines, pitch circles; cutting or viewing planes lines; lines showing irregular boundaries; short breaks and long break lines.
Printing Major and functional dimensions in millimetres: valve lift, working clearances or other relevant functional dimensions, neat figures and printing readable without having to turn to the finished drawing.
Views and view projection Views drawn as instructed and complete; relative position of views, first- and third-angle projection.
Drawing Drawn correctly, according to information; scale used and stated; sectioned as required; materials; title block.

27.9 General engineering knowledge (examination code: 2EKG)

  1. The duration of the examination is 3½ hours.
  2. The examination consists of essay-type questions and the applicant answers 6 out of 9 questions; he may be required to illustrate his answers by means of freehand sketches.
Subject Required knowledge
Materials General effects of various treatments on the physical and chemical properties of materials commonly used in the construction of marine engines and boilers, and the physical tests to which these materials are normally subjected.
Heat and combustion Properties of steam, fuel, lubricants and other liquids, gases and vapours in machinery on board ship.
Instruments Use, construction details and principles involved in the action of the pressure gauge, thermometer, pyrometer, barometer, salinometer, hydrometer and other meters commonly used by engineers on board ship.
Water treatment Causes, effects and usual remedies for encrustation and corrosion; feed-water, blow densities and electrolysis.
Principles of marine engines Constructional details and working principles of marine engines; methods of determining their kilowatt power; the principles of working and methods of calibration of dynamometers and torsion meters mounted on ships.
Practice Methods of dealing with wear and tear of machinery and boilers; alignment of machinery parts; correction of defects due to flaws in material or accident; temporary or permanent repairs in the event of derangement or total breakdown; detection of machinery malfunction; location of faults and actions to prevent damage.
Pumps and systems Constructional details and principles of action of pumps fitted in ships; general requirements concerning feed, fuel, bilge and ballast pumping systems.
Auxiliary machinery Constructional arrangement, operation and maintenance of steering engines and gears, refrigerating machinery, hydraulic and other auxiliary machinery, and such steam and internal combustion engines as are used for emergency and auxiliary machinery on board ship; deck machinery and cargo-handling machines.
Power transmission Construction details, alignment, lubrication, expansion, clearances and wear allowances of thrust blocks, shafting, bearings, stern tubes, propellers, nozzles, thrusters and ship side fittings.
Prevention Precautions against fire or explosions due to oil or gas; flash point; explosive properties of gas or vapour given off by fuel or lubricating oils when mixed with a quantity of air; the danger of leakage from oil tanks, pipes, gas producers and vaporizers, particularly in bilges and other unventilated spaces; vaporizers, particularly in bilges and other unventilated spaces; the action of wire-gauze diaphragms and the places where such devices should be fitted.
Coal fuel Spontaneous combustion of coal; explosive properties of gas given off by coal dust.
Fire detection Methods of dealing with fire; action and maintenance of mechanical and chemical fire extinguishers and other firefighting appliances; respirators and safety lamps; smoke and heat detectors; sprinkler systems, wet and dry valves; permanently-fixed gas-smothering systems and methods of activating; dangers of smothering gas to life.
Safe working practices Mechanical safety in overhauling work shops; protective equipment; lifting-tackle safety and tests; precautions and tests when entering tanks; first aid related to injuries that may be expected in machinery spaces, use of first aid equipment and methods of obtaining second aid.
Cold weather practices Special arrangements for operation in waters with ice; lay out and operation of ice-related shipboard systems; cold weather lay-up.
Control systems Automation and instrumentation in block diagrams; periodically unattended machinery spaces, techniques and work practices; bridge control, remote-control stations, system monitoring.
Pollution prevention Devices to prevent pollution from oil, sewage, air; regulations to be observed regarding pollution.
Maintenance Routine maintenance; prevention of damage to machinery; preventive maintenance; corrective maintenance; planned maintenance; record keeping relating to maintenance; deployment of human resources for effective maintenance and repair.
Lifesaving appliances Operation and maintenance of lifesaving appliances, launching and retrieval machinery.
Damage control Methods of damage control, with specific reference to action to be taken in the event of flooding of seawater into the machinery spaces.
Electrical safety Safe operation and maintenance of electrical and control equipment; precautions to be observed to prevent injury to personnel and machine; methods of cleaning and drying of equipment, particularly equipment flooded by seawater.
Non-destructive testing An awareness of non-destructive testing, to include: magna flux, dye penetrant, ultrasonic and nuclear; vibration analysis; spectronic oil analysis for wear indication; x-ray and thermographs.

27.10 Engineering knowledge of motor vessels (examination code: 2EKM)

  1. The duration of the examination is 3½ hours.
  2. The examination consists of essay-type questions and the applicant answers 6 out of 9 questions; he may be required to illustrate his answers by means of freehand sketches.
Subject Required knowledge
Construction of marine machinery Design considerations and operation of internal combustion engines; differences between various types of engines; constructional details of internal combustion engines in general use.
Internal combustion engine systems Nature and properties of the fuel and lubricating oils generally used in internal combustion engines; supply of air and fuel to cylinders of engines of different types; means of cooling the cylinders and pistons; constructional details and working of air compressors.
Construction of internal combustion engines Methods of constructing marine internal combustion engines; processes to which the several parts are submitted or which are incidental to their manufacture; methods employed in fitting the machinery on board ship.
Starting and reversing systems Starting and reversing arrangements and the various operations connected therewith.
Operation and maintenance Attention required for the operation and maintenance of the various parts of machinery; use and management of valves, pipes, connections and safety devices employed.
Defects and remedies Enumeration and description of defects arising from working of machinery; the remedy for such defects.
Auxiliary boilers Operation and maintenance of auxiliary steam boilers, their fittings and mountings, with special reference to water gauges, safety valves and programmers; constructional details and management of auxiliary machinery; draught, combustion equipment, oil fuel equipment.
Compressed air systems Care and maintenance of air compressors, receivers and coolers.
Power transmission Operation and maintenance of reduction gears, reverse gearing, thrust systems, lubrication, clutching, and evaluation of visible signs of deterioration.
Lubricating systems Operation and maintenance of closed lubrication systems, testing for contamination, factors leading to over consumption, symptoms and remedies.

27.11 Engineering knowledge of steamships (examination code: 2EKS)

  1. The duration of the examination is 3½ hours.
  2. The examination consists of essay-type questions and the applicant answers 6 out of 9 questions; he may be required to illustrate his answers by means of freehand sketches.
Subject Required knowledge
Construction of steam engines Methods of constructing marine steam-engines and boilers; processes and tests to which the several parts are submitted or which are incidental to their manufacture; methods employed in fitting the machinery on board ship.
Types of engines Various types of propelling and auxiliary machinery in use; functions of each important part and the attention required by the different parts of the machinery on board ship.
Steam pumps Operation and maintenance of simplex, duplex and multi-stage centrifugal pumps.
Feed-water systems Constructional details and working of evaporators, feed-water heaters and feed-water filters; contamination from lube oil and fuel oil.
Marine boilers Marine boilers of various modern designs; the prevention of movement of boilers when vessels are pitching or rolling; determination by calculation of suitable working pressure for boilers of given dimensions.
Boiler fittings Functions and maintenance of boiler fittings and mountings, with special reference to water gauges, safety valves, and programmers; precautions necessary when raising steam and operating stop valves, with particular reference to the danger arising from water-hammer action.
Combustion Constructional details, operation and maintenance of installations generally employed for assisting draught, superheating steam and burning coal or oil fuel.
Power Transmission Construction details, operation and maintenance of reduction gearing, thrust systems and lubricating systems, inspection, evaluation of visible signs of deterioration of wearing surfaces.

27.12 Oral examination (examination code: 2ORM or 2ORS)

  1. The examination is of an unlimited duration.
  2. Bearing in mind that a second engineer officer must be in a position to assume the responsibilities of the chief engineer officer at any time, assessment in these subjects will be designed to test the applicant’s ability to assimilate all available information that affects the safe operation of the ship's machinery and the protection of the marine environment.
  3. The oral examination is based on:
Subject Required knowledge
Plan and schedule operations Planning and preparation of operations suited to the design parameters of the power installation and to the requirement of the voyage.
Start up and shut down main propulsion and auxiliary machinery, including associated system Method of preparing the start-up and of making available fuels, lubricants, cooling water and air; check of pressures, temperatures and speed during start-up and warm-up, in accordance with technical specifications and agreed work plans; surveillance of main propulsion plant and auxiliary systems, sufficient to maintain safe operations; methods of preparing the shutdown and of supervising the cooling down of the engine.
Operate, monitor and evaluate engine performance and capacity Methods of measuring the load capacity of the engines, in accordance with technical specifications; performance checked against bridge orders; performance levels in accordance with technical specifications.
Maintain safety of engine equipment, systems, and services Arrangements for ensuring the safe and efficient operation and condition of the machinery installation, suitable for all modes of operation.
Manage fuel and ballast operation Fuel and ballast operations meet operational requirements and carried out so as to prevent pollution of the marine environment; operation and maintenance of machinery including pumps and piping system.
Internal communication system Operation of all internal communication systems on board; transmission and reception of messages consistently successful; communication records complete, accurate and in accordance with statutory requirements.
Operate electrical and electronic control equipment Operation of equipment and system is in accordance with operating manuals; performance levels in accordance with technical specifications.
Test, detect faults, maintain and restore electrical and electronic control equipment to operating condition Maintenance activities correctly planned in accordance with technical, legislative, safety, and procedural specifications; effect of malfunctions on associate plant and systems accurately identified; ship’s technical drawings correctly interpreted; measuring and calibrating instruments correctly used; actions taken are justified.
Organize safe maintenance and repair procedures Maintenance activities correctly planned, in accordance with technical, legislative, safety, and procedural specifications; appropriate plans, specification, materials and equipment available for maintenance an repair; action taken leads to restoration of plant by most suitable method.
Detect and identify the cause of machinery malfunction and correct faults Detection of machinery malfunction, location of faults and action to prevent damage; methods of comparing operating conditions, in accordance with recommended practices and procedure; actions and decisions in accordance with recommended operating specifications and limitations.
Ensure safe working practices Working practices are in accordance with legislative requirements, codes of practice, permits to work and environmental concerns.
Control trim, stability and stress Understanding of fundamental principles of ship construction and the theories and factors affecting trim and stability and measures necessary to preserve trim and stability; stability and stress conditions maintained within safety limits at all times; knowledge of the effect on trim and stability in the event of damage to and consequent flooding of compartment and countermeasures to be taken.
Monitor and control compliance with legislative requirements and measures to ensure safety of life at sea and protection of the environment Knowledge of relevant international maritime laws embodied in international agreements and conventions; certificates and other documents required to be carried on board ships by international conventions, how they may be obtained and their period of validity; requirements for renewal and extension of certificates to ensure continued validity of survey items and equipment; responsibilities under relevant requirements of the international Convention on Load lines, the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, and the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships.
Maintain safety and security of the vessel, crew and passengers and the operational condition of life-saving, fire-fighting and other safety systems Thorough knowledge of life-saving appliance regulations; organization of fire and abandon ship drills; maintenance of operational condition of life-saving, fire-fighting and other safety systems; actions to be taken to protect and safeguard all persons on board in emergencies; actions to limit damage and salve the ship following fire, explosion, collision or grounding; procedures for monitoring fire-detection and safety systems, ensuring that all alarms are detected promptly and acted upon in accordance with established emergency procedures.
Develop emergency and damage control plans and handle emergency situations Emergency procedures in accordance with the established plans for emergency situations.
Organize and manage the crew Crew allocated duties and informed of expected standards of work and behaviour in manner of appropriate to individuals concerned; training objectives and activities based on an assessment of current competence and capabilities and operational requirements.
Regulations and ship’s business Knowledge of national and international maritime law embodied in agreements and conventions as they affect the specific obligations and responsibilities of the engineering department, particularly those concerning safety and the protection of the marine environment; knowledge of the functions and jurisdiction of IMO, ILO, and the SOLAS Convention, including articles, regulations and resolutions.

Knowledge of the Canada Shipping Act 2001 relating to:

Ship inspections, Marine Machinery Inspection, Hull Construction, Hull Inspection, Vessel registration, Steering Appliances and Equipment; Life Saving Equipment, Boat and Fire Drill, Fire Detection and Extinguishing Equipment; Dangerous Goods Shipping, Oil Pollution Prevention, Sewage Pollution Prevention, Garbage Pollution Prevention, Pollutant Discharge Reporting; Safe Working Practices, Shipping Casualties Reporting, Tackle; Crewing, engagement and discharge of seafarers, in and out of Canada, rights of seafarers, maintenance of discipline, distressed seafarers, provisions, health and accommodation;

Knowledge of the Canada Labour Code, as applicable to shipping industry in relation occupational health and safety.

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Date modified:
2010-01-21