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  7. Locomotive Emissions Monitoring Program 2007

Locomotive Emissions Monitoring Program 2007

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Table of Contents 

i Executive Summary
v Glossary of Terms
x Conversion Factors Related to Railway Emissions
xi Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in the Report

1 Introduction

2 Traffic and Fuel Consumption Data

2.1 Freight Traffic Handled
2.1.1 Freight Carloads by Commodity Grouping
2.1.2 Class 1 Intermodal Service
2.2 Passenger Traffic Handled
2.2.1 VIA Rail Canada
2.2.2 Commuter Rail
2.2.3 Tourist and Excursion Services
2.3 Fuel Consumption
2.3.1 Freight Operations
2.3.2 Passenger Services

3 Locomotive Inventory

3.1 Locomotives Compliant with U.S. EPA Emissions Limits

4 Diesel Fuel Properties

5 Locomotive Emissions

5.1 Emissions Factors
5.2 Locomotive Duty Cycle
5.3 Emissions Generated
5.3.1 Greenhouse Gases (GHG)
5.3.2 Criteria Air Contaminants (CAC)

6 Fuel Consumption and Emissions in Tropospheric Ozone Management Areas

6.1 Data Derivation
6.2 Seasonal Data

7 Emissions Reduction Initiatives

7.1 RAC Awareness Generation Actions
7.2 Equipment-related Initiatives
7.2.1 Locomotive Fleet Renewal
7.2.2 Fleet Upgrading and Maintenance
7.2.3 Low Idle
7.2.4 Automatic Stop/Start Systems
7.2.5 Low and Ultra-Low Sulphur Diesel Fuel
7.2.6 Freight Car Technology Improvements
7.2.7 Longer Trains
7.2.8 Remote Power
7.2.9 Passenger Train Layover Systems
7.2.10 Intercity Passenger Train Equipment Initiatives
7.2.11 Commuter Rail Equipment Modifications
7.2.12 Fuel Additives
7.3 Operations-related Initiatives
7.3.1 Crew Training and Incentives
7.3.2 Manual Shut-down of Locomotive Engines
7.3.3 Consolidation of Cars with Similar Destination into Blocks
7.3.4 Train Pacing and Braking Strategies
7.3.5 Commuter Train Coach Door Management
7.4 Infrastructure-related Initiatives
7.4.1  Improved Track Structures
7.4.2  Rail Lubrication
7.4.3 Top of Rail Friction Control
7.4.4 Co-Production
7.5 Monitoring and Evaluation of Technological Developments
7.5.1 Government Programs
7.5.2 Monitoring Emissions Reduction Technologies under Development

8 Summary and Conclusions

List of Tables

Table 1 Total Freight Traffic 2
Table 2 Canadian Rail Operations Fuel Consumption 7
Table 3 Freight Operations Fuel Consumption 9
Table 4 Passenger Services Fuel Consumption 9
Table 5 NOx Emissions Reduction Schedule for Line-Haul Locomotives 10
Table 6 Locomotives in Canadian Fleet Meeting U.S. EPA Emissions Limits 10
Table 7 Railway Operations CAC Emissions Factors 13
Table 8 Duty Cycle by Locomotive Service 14
Table 9 Locomotive GHG Emissions 15
Table 10 GHG Emissions Intensities by Category of Operation 17
Table 11 Locomotive CAC Emissions 21
Table 12  TOMA Percentages of Total Fuel Consumption and GHG Emissions 21
Table 13  TOMA Percentages of Total NOx Emissions 21
Table 14   TOMA No.1 – Lower Fraser Valley, B.C.
Traffic, Fuel and Emissions Data, 2007 22
Table 15   TOMA No.2 – Windsor-Quebec City Corridor
Traffic, Fuel and Emissions Data, 2007 23
Table 16   TOMA No.3 – Saint John Area, New Brunswick
Traffic, Fuel and Emissions Data, 2007 24

List of Figures

Figure 1 Total Freight Traffic (1990 – 2007) 3
Figure 2 Canadian Rail Originated Freight Carloads by Commodity Group 3
Figure 3 Class 1 Intermodal Tonnage 4
Figure 4 VIA Rail Canada Passenger Traffic  5
Figure 5 VIA Rail Canada Revenue Passenger-Kilometres 5
Figure 6 VIA Rail Canada Train Efficiency 6
Figure 7 Commuter Rail Passengers 6
Figure 8 Freight Operations Fuel Consumption 8
Figure 9 Freight Fuel Consumption per 1,000 RTK 8
Figure 10 Railway GHG Emissions 16
Figure 11  Total Freight GHG Emissions Intensity 16
Figure 12 Class 1 Freight GHG Emissions Intensity 17
Figure 13 Regional and Short Lines GHG Emissions Intensity 17
Figure 14 Intercity Passenger GHG Emissions Intensity 18
Figure 15 Commuter Rail GHG Emissions Intensity 18
Figure 16 Total Freight NOx Emissions Intensity 19

Appendices

Appendix A Memorandum of Understanding between Environment Canada, Transport Canada and the Railway Association of Canada
Appendix B-1 Locomotive Fleet 2007 – Freight Train Mainline and Road Switching Operations
Appendix B-2 Locomotive Fleet 2007 – Yard Switching and Work Train Operations
Appendix B-3 Locomotive Fleet 2007 – Passenger Train Operations


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Date modified:
2010-02-03