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Locomotive Emissions Monitoring Program 2009

[ Next: Executive Summary]

Table of Contents

i Executive Summary
 vi Glossary of Terms
 xi Conversion Factors Related to Railway Emissions
 xii Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in the Report

1 Introduction

1.1 Follow-Up Audit

2 Traffic and Fuel Consumption Data

2.1 Freight Traffic Handled
2.1.1 Freight Carloads by Commodity Grouping
2.1.2 Class I Intermodal Traffic

2.2 Passenger Traffic Handled
2.2.1 Intercity Passenger Services
2.2.2 Commuter Rail 
2.2.3 Tourist and Excursion Services

2.3 Fuel Consumption
2.3.1 Freight Operations
2.3.2 Passenger Services

3 2009 Locomotive Inventory

3.1 Locomotives Compliant with United States Environmental Protection Agency Emissions Limits

4 Diesel Fuel Properties

5 Locomotive Emissions

5.1 Emission Factors
5.2 Locomotive Duty Cycle
5.3 Emissions Generated
5.3.1 Greenhouse Gases
5.3.2 Criteria Air Contaminants

6 Fuel Consumption and Emissions in Tropospheric Ozone Management Areas

6.1 Data Derivation
6.2 Seasonal Data

7 Emissions Reduction Initiatives

7.1 Railway Association of Canada Awareness Generation Actions
7.2 Equipment-related Initiatives 
7.2.1 Locomotive Fleet Renewal 
7.2.2 Tier 2 Engine Retrofits 
7.2.3 Fleet Upgrading and Maintenance 
7.2.4 Low Idle 
7.2.5 Engine Anti-Idling Systems 
7.2.6 Low and Ultra-Low Sulphur Diesel Fuel 
7.2.7 Biodiesel Fuel 
7.2.8 Freight Car Technology Improvements 
7.2.9 Longer Trains 
7.2.10 Distributed Power 
7.2.11 Intercity Passenger Train Equipment Initiatives 
7.2.12 Passenger Train Layover Systems 
7.2.13 Commuter Rail Equipment Modifications 
7.3 Operations-related Initiatives
7.3.1 Crew Training and Incentives 
7.3.2 Manual Shut-down of Locomotive Engines 
7.3.3 Consolidation of Cars with Similar Destination into Blocks 
7.3.4 Train Pacing and Braking Strategies 
7.3.5 Commuter Train Coach Door Management 
7.4 Infrastructure-related Initiatives
7.4.1 Improved Track Structures 
7.4.2 Rail Lubrication 
7.4.3 Top-of-Rail Friction Control 
7.4.4 Co-production 
7.5 Monitoring and Evaluation of Technological Developments
7.5.1 Government Programs 
7.5.2 Monitoring Emissions Reduction Technologies under Development 

8 Summary and Conclusions

List of Tables

Table 1 Total Freight Traffic (1990–2009)
Table 2 Canadian Rail Operations Fuel Consumption
Table 3 Freight Operations Fuel Consumption
Table 4 Passenger Services Fuel Consumption
Table 5 2009 Canadian Locomotive Fleet Summary
Table 6 Fleet Change Actions in Accordance with MOU
Table 7 Locomotives in Canadian Fleet Meeting U.S. EPA Emissions Limits
Table 8 Locomotives Compliant with EPA Tier Levels
Table 9 CAC Emission Factors for Diesel Locomotives
Table 10 Canadian Duty Cycle by Locomotive Service and Year of Update
Table 11 Locomotive GHG Emissions
Table 12 GHG Emissions Intensities by Category of Operation
Table 13 Locomotive CAC Emissions
Table 14 TOMA Percentages of Total Fuel Consumption and GHG Emissions
Table 15 TOMA Percentages of Total NOx Emissions
Table 16 TOMA No.1—Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia Traffic, Fuel and Emissions Data, 2009
Table 17 TOMA No.2—Windsor–Quebec City Corridor Traffic, Fuel and Emissions Data, 2009
Table 18 TOMA No.3—Saint John Area, New Brunswick, Traffic, Fuel and Emissions Data, 2009

List of Figures

Figure 1 Total Freight Traffic (1990–2009)
Figure 2 Canadian-originated Rail Freight Carloads by Commodity Grouping
Figure 3 Class I Intermodal Tonnage
Figure 4 VIA Rail Canada Passenger Traffic
 Figure 5 VIA Rail Canada Revenue Passenger-Kilometres
Figure 6 VIA Rail Canada Train Efficiency
Figure 7 Commuter Rail Passengers
Figure 8 Freight Operations Fuel Consumption
Figure 9 Freight Fuel Consumption per 1,000 RTK
Figure 10 Total Railway GHG Emissions
Figure 11 Total Freight GHG Emissions Intensity
Figure 12 Class I Freight GHG Emissions Intensity
Figure 13 Regional and Short Lines GHG Emissions Intensity
Figure 14 Intercity Passenger GHG Emissions Intensity
Figure 15 Commuter Rail GHG Emissions Intensity
Figure 16 Total Freight NOx Emissions Intensity

Appendices

Appendix A - Memorandum of Understanding between Environment Canada, Transport Canada and the Railway Association of Canada 
Annex 1
Annex 2
Annex 3
Annex 4
Annex 5
Appendix B-1 - Locomotive Fleet 2009—Freight Train Line-haul and Road Switching Operations 
Appendix B-2 - Locomotive Fleet 2009—Yard Switching and Work Train Operations 
Appendix B-3 - Locomotive and DMU Fleet 2009—Passenger Train Operations 
Appendix C - Railway Lines Included in Tropospheric Ozone Management Areas 
Appendix D - Traffic and Fuel Consumption (U.S. Units) 
Appendix E-1 - Locomotive GHG Emissions (U.S. Units) 
Appendix E-2 - Locomotive CAC Emissions (U.S. Units) 
Appendix F - RAC Member Railways in 2009, with Provinces of Operation

[ Next: Executive Summary]

Date modified:
2012-02-17