Technical Standards Document No. 108, Revision 5 - Lamps, Reflective Devices, and Associated Equipment

Introduction

S1. Scope

S2. Purpose

S3. Application

S4. Definitions

S5. Requirements

S5.1 Required motor vehicle lighting equipment
S5.2 Other requirements
S5.3 Location of required equipment
S5.4 Equipment combinations
S5.5 Special wiring requirements
S5.6 [Reserved]
S5.7 Conspicuity systems
S5.8 Replacement equipment

S6. Subreferenced SAE standards and recommended practices

S7. Headlighting requirements

S7.1 [Untitled]
S7.2 [Untitled]
S7.3 Sealed beam headlighting system
S7.4 Integral beam headlighting system
S7.5 Replaceable bulb headlamp system
S7.6 Combination headlighting system
S7.7 Replaceable light sources
S7.8 Aimability performance requirements
S7.9 Motorcycles

S8. Tests and procedures for integral beam and replaceable bulb headlighting systems

S8.1 Photometry
S8.2 Abrasion
S8.3 Chemical resistance
S8.4 Corrosion
S8.5 Dust
S8.6 Temperature and internal heat test
S8.7 Humidity
S8.8 Vibration
S8.9 Sealing
S8.10 Chemical and corrosion resistance of reflectors of replaceable lens headlamps

S9. Deflection test for replaceable light sources

S10. Simultaneous aim photometry tests

S11. Photometric test

S12. Headlamp concealment devices

Figure 1A: Required Percentages of Minimum Candlepower of Figure 1B

Figure 1B: Minimum and Maximum Allowable Candlepower Values

Figure 1C: Sum of the Percentages of Grouped Minimum Candlepower

Figure 2: Minimum Luminous Intensity Requirements for Backup Lamps

Figure 4-1: Dimensional Specifications for Location of Aiming Pads on Replaceable Bulb Headlamp Units

Figure 4-2: Detailed Example of Aiming Pad

Figure 4-3: Dimensional Specifications for Location of Aiming Pads on Replaceable Bulb Units

Figure 4-4: Dimensional Specifications for Location of Aiming Pads on Replaceable Bulb Units

Figure 5: Abrasion Test Fixture

Figure 6: Thermal Cycle Profile

Figure 7: Dirt/Ambient Test Setup

Figure 8: Bulb Deflection Test

Figure 9: Temperature-Humidity Environmental Test Profile

Figure 10: Photometric Requirements for Center High-Mounted Stop Lamps

Figure 15-1: Photometric Test Point Values for Mechanical Aim Headlighting Systems: Four-Lamp Systems

Figure 15-2: Photometric Test Point Values for Visual/Optical Aim Headlighting Systems: Four-Lamp Systems

Figure 17-1: Photometric Test Point Values for Mechanical Aim Headlighting Systems: Two-Lamp Systems

Figure 17-2: Photometric Test Point Values for Visual/Optical Aim Headlighting Systems: Two-Lamp Systems

Figure 19: Visibility of Installed Lighting Devices (Lens Area Measurement Method)

Figure 20: Visibility of Installed Lighting Devices (Luminous Intensity Measurement Method)

Figure 25: Pressure Chamber

Figure 26: Table for Determining the Photometric Requirements of Replaceable Bulb Headlamp Systems

Figure 27-1: Photometric Test Point Values for Mechanical Aim Headlighting Systems: Two-Lamp Systems

Figure 27-2: Photometric Test Point Values for Visual/Optical Aim Headlighting Systems: Two-Lamp Systems

Figure 28-1: Photometric Test Point Values for Mechanical Aim Headlighting Systems: Four-Lamp Systems

Figure 28-2: Photometric Test Point Values for Visual/Optical Aim Headlighting Systems: Four-Lamp Systems

Figure 29: Minimum Photometric Performance of Retroreflective Sheeting

Figure 30-1: Trailer Conspicuity Treatment Example

Figure 30-2: Trailer Conspicuity Treatment Example

Figure 30-3: Trailer Conspicuity Treatment Example

Figure 30-4: Trailer Conspicuity Treatment Example

Figure 31: Tractor Conspicuity Treatment Example

Figure 32: Motorcycle and Limited-Speed Motorcycle Motor-Driven Cycle Headlamp Photometric Requirements

Table I: Required Motor Vehicle Lighting Equipment other than Headlamps (Vehicles of 2.05 m or more Overall Width)

Table II: Location of Required Equipment (Vehicles of 2.05 m or more Overall Width)

Table III: Required Motor Vehicle Lighting Equipment (Vehicles of less than 2.05 m Overall Width)

Table IV: Location of Required Equipment (Vehicles of less than 2.05 m Overall Width)  

(a) The effective projected luminous lens area of a single compartment stop lamp, and a single compartment rear turn signal lamp, shall be not less than 50 cm2 (7.75 square inches).

(b) If a multiple compartment lamp or multiple lamps are used to meet the photometric requirements for stop lamps and rear turn signal lamps, the effective projected luminous lens area of each compartment or lamp shall be at least 22 cm2, provided the combined area is at least 50 cm2 (7.75 square inches).

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each passenger car manufactured on or after September 1, 1985, and each multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, and bus whose overall width is less than 2.05 m (80 inches) and whose GVWR is 4,536 kg (10,000 pounds) or less manufactured on or after September 1, 1993, shall be equipped with a high-mounted stop lamp which:

(b) Each multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck and bus whose overall width is less than 2.05 m (80 inches), whose GVWR is 4,536 kg (10,000 pounds) or less, whose vertical centerline, when the vehicle is viewed from the rear, is not located on a fixed body panel but separates one or two movable body sections, such as doors, which lacks sufficient space to install a single high-mounted stop lamp on the centerline above such body sections, and which is manufactured on or after September 1, 1993, shall have two high-mounted stop lamps which:

(a) Plastic lenses (other than those incorporating reflex reflectors) used for inner lenses or those covered by another material and not exposed directly to sunlight shall meet the requirements of paragraphs 3.3 and 4.2 of SAE J576 JUL91 when covered by the outer lens or other material;

(b) After the outdoor exposure test, the haze and loss of surface luster of plastic materials (other than those incorporating reflex reflectors) used for outer lenses shall not be greater than 30 percent haze as measured by ASTM D 1003-92, Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastic;

(c) After the outdoor exposure test, plastic materials used for reflex reflectors and for lenses used in front of reflex reflectors shall not show surface deterioration, crazing, dimensional changes, color bleeding, delamination, loss of surface luster, or haze that exceeds 7 percent as measured under ASTM D 1003-92.

(d) The thickness of the test specimens specified in paragraph 3.2.2 of SAE J576 JUL91 may vary by as much as ± 0.25 mm.

(e) After exposure to the heat test as specified in subparagraph (f) of this paragraph, and after cooling to room ambient temperature, a test specimen shall show no change in shape and general appearance discernible to the naked eye when compared with an unexposed specimen. The trichromatic coefficients of the samples shall conform to the requirements of SAE Standard J578c, Color Specification for Electric Signal Lighting Devices, February 1977.

(f) Two samples of each thickness of each plastic material are used in the heat test. Each sample is supported at the bottom, with at least 51 mm of the sample above the support, in the vertical position in such a manner that, on each side, the minimum uninterrupted area of exposed surface is not less than 3,225 sq. mm. The samples are placed for two hours in a circulating air oven at 79 ± 3 degrees C.

(g) All outdoor exposure tests shall be 3 years in duration, whether the material is exposed or protected. Accelerated weathering procedures are not permitted.

(a) Four red signal lamps designed to conform to SAE Standard J887, School Bus Red Signal Lamps, July 1964, and installed in accordance with that standard; or

(b) Four red signal lamps designed to conform to SAE Standard J887, School Bus Red Signal Lamps, July 1964, and four amber signal lamps designed to conform to that standard, except for their color and except that their candlepower shall be at least 2½ times that specified for red signal lamps. Both red and amber lamps shall be installed in accordance with SAE Standard J887, except that:

(a) Each high-mounted stop lamp installed in or on a vehicle subject to S5.1.1.27(a) shall be located as follows:

(b) The high-mounted stop lamps installed in or on a vehicle subject to S5.1.1.27(b) shall be located at the same height, with one vertical edge of each lamp on the vertical edge of the body section nearest the vertical centerline.

(a) Each lamp and reflective device must be installed in a location where it complies with all applicable photometric requirements and visibility requirements, with all obstructions (e.g., mirrors, snow plows, wrecker booms, backhoes, and winches) installed on the vehicle.

(b) A manufacturer must certify compliance of each lamp to one of the following visibility requirement options, and it may not thereafter choose a different option for that vehicle:

(c) A high-mounted stop lamp must have a signal visible to the rear through a horizontal angle from 45 degrees to the left to 45 degrees to the right of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.

(d) High-mounted stop lamps required to comply with S5.1.1.27(b) must together have a signal to the rear as specified in S5.3.2(c).

(e) Backup lamps must be mounted on the rear so that the optical center of at least one lamp is visible from any eye point elevation from at least 1,828 mm (6 ft) to 610 mm (2 ft) above the horizontal plane on which the vehicle is standing and from any position in the area rearward of a vertical plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle 914 mm (3 ft) to the rear of the vehicle and extending 914 mm (3 ft) beyond each side of the vehicle.

(a) No high-mounted stop lamp shall be combined with any other lamp or reflective device, other than with a cargo lamp.

(b) No high-mounted stop lamp shall be combined optically, as defined by SAE Information Report J387, Terminology — Motor Vehicle Lighting NOV87, with any cargo lamp.

(c) No clearance lamp shall be combined optically, as defined by SAE Information Report J387, Terminology — Motor Vehicle Lighting NOV87, with any taillamp.

(b) When the headlamps are activated in a steady-burning state, the tail lamps, parking lamps, license plate lamps, and side marker lamps shall also be activated.

(a) Turn signal lamps, hazard warning signal lamps, and school bus warning lamps shall be wired to flash;

(b) Headlamps and side marker lamps may be wired to flash for signaling purposes;

(c) A motorcycle headlamp may be wired to allow either its upper beam or its lower beam, but not both, to modulate from a higher intensity to a lower intensity in accordance with section S7.9.4 S5.6;

(a) Any pair of lamps on the front of a passenger car, multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, or bus, whether or not required by this standard, other than parking lamps or fog lamps, may be wired to be automatically activated, as determined by the manufacturer of the vehicle, in a steady burning state as daytime running lamps (DRLs) and to be automatically deactivated when the headlamp control is in any "on" position, and as otherwise determined by the manufacturer of the vehicle, provided that each such lamp:

(b) Any pair of lamps that are not required by this standard and are not optically combined with any lamps that are required by this standard, and which are used as DRLs to fulfill the specifications of S5.5.11(a), shall be mounted at the same height, which shall be not more than 1.067 m above the road surface measured from the center of the lamp on the vehicle at curb weight, and shall be symmetrically disposed about the vertical centerline of the vehicle.

(a) Retroreflective sheeting shall be applied in a pattern of alternating white and red color segments to the sides and rear of each trailer, and to the rear of each truck tractor, and in white to the upper rear corners of each trailer and truck tractor, in the locations specified in S5.7.1.4, and Figures 30-1 through 30-4, or Figure 31, as appropriate.

(b) Except for a segment that is trimmed to clear obstructions, or lengthened to provide red sheeting near red lamps, each white or red segment shall have a length of 300 mm ± 150 mm.

(c) Neither white nor red sheeting shall represent more than two thirds of the aggregate of any continuous strip marking the width of a trailer, or any continuous or broken strip marking its length.

(d) Retroreflective sheeting shall have a width of not less than 50 mm (Grade DOT-C2), 75 mm (Grade DOT-C3), or 100 mm (Grade DOT-C4).

(e) The coefficients for retroreflection of each segment of red or white sheeting shall be not less than the minimum values specified in Figure 29 of this TSD standard for grades DOT-C2, DOT-C3, and DOT-C4.

(a) Retroreflective sheeting shall be applied to each trailer and truck tractor as specified below, but need not be applied to discontinuous surfaces such as outside ribs, stake post pickets on platform trailers, and external protruding beams, or to items of equipment such as door hinges and lamp bodies on trailers and body joints, stiffening beads, drip rails and rolled surfaces on truck tractors.

(b) The edge of white sheeting shall not be located closer than 75 mm to the edge of the luminous lens area of any red or amber lamp that is required by this TSD standard.

(c) The edge of red sheeting shall not be located closer than 75 mm to the edge of the luminous lens area of any amber lamp that is required by this TSD standard.

(b) Element 2: Two pairs of white strips of sheeting, each pair consisting of strips 300 mm long of grade DOT-C2, DOT-C3, or DOT-C4, applied horizontally and vertically to the right and left upper contours of the body, as viewed from the rear, as close to the top of the trailer and as far apart as practicable. If the perimeter of the body, as viewed from the rear, is other than rectangular, the strips may be applied along the perimeter, as close as practicable to the uppermost and outermost areas of the rear of the body on the left and right sides.

(a) A strip of sheeting, as horizontal as practicable, in alternating colors, originating and terminating as close to the front and rear as practicable, as close as practicable to not less than 375 mm and not more than 1525 mm above the road surface at the stripe centerline with the trailer at curb mass weight, except that at the location chosen the strip shall not be obscured in whole or in part by other motor vehicle equipment or trailer cargo. The strip need not be continuous as long as not less than half of the length of the trailer is covered and the spaces are distributed as evenly as practicable.

(b) If necessary to clear rivet heads or other similar obstructions, grade DOT-C2 retroreflective sheeting may be separated into two 25 mm wide strips of the same length and color, separated by a space of not more than 25 mm, and used in place of the retroreflective sheeting that would otherwise be applied.

(a) Element 1: Two strips of sheeting in alternating colors, each not less than 600 mm long, located as close as practicable to the edges of the rear fenders, mudflaps, or the mudflap support brackets, to mark the width of the truck tractor. The strips shall be mounted as horizontal as practicable, in a vertical plane facing the rear, on the rear fenders, on the mudflap support brackets, on plates attached to the mudflap support brackets, or on the mudflaps. Strips on mudflaps shall be mounted not lower than 300 mm below the upper horizontal edge of the mudflap. If the vehicle is certified with temporary mudflap support brackets, the strips shall be mounted on the mudflaps or on plates transferable to permanent mudflap support brackets. For a truck tractor without mudflaps, the strips may be mounted outboard of the frame on brackets behind the rear axle or on brackets ahead of the rear axle and above the top of the tires at unladen vehicle height, or they may be mounted directly or indirectly to the back of the cab as close to the outer edges as practicable, above the top of the tires, and not more than 1525 mm above the road surface at unladen vehicle height. If the strips are mounted on the back of the cab, no more than 25 percent of their cumulative area may be obscured by vehicle equipment as determined in a rear orthogonal view.

(b) Element 2: Two pairs of white strips of sheeting, each pair consisting of strips 300 mm long, applied as horizontally and vertically as practicable, to the right and left upper contours of the cab, as close to the top of the cab and as far apart as practicable. No more than 25 percent of their cumulative area may be obscured by vehicle equipment as determined in a rear orthogonal view. If one pair must be relocated to avoid obscuration by vehicle equipment, the other pair may be relocated in order to be mounted symmetrically. If the rear window is so large as to occupy all the practicable space, the material may be attached to the edge of the window itself.

(a) Each reflex reflector shall conform to SAE Standard J594f, Reflex Reflectors, January 1977.

(b) Each red reflex reflector shall also provide, at an observation angle of 0.2 degree, not less than 300 millicandela/lux at any light entrance angle between 30 degrees left and 30 degrees right, including an entrance angle of 0 degree, and not less than 75 millicandela/lux at any light entrance angle between 45 degrees left and 45 degrees right.

(c) Each white reflex reflector shall also provide at an observation angle of 0.2 degree, not less than 1250 millicandela/lux at any light entrance angle between 30 degrees left and 30 degrees right, including an entrance angle of 0 degree, and not less than 300 millicandela/lux at any light entrance angle between 45 degrees left and 45 degrees right.

(d) A white reflex reflector complying with S5.7.2.1(a) and (c) when tested in a horizontal orientation may be installed in all orientations specified for rear upper locations in S5.7.1.4.1(b) or S5.7.1.4.3(b) if, when tested in a vertical orientation, it provides at an observation angle of 0.2 degree not less than 1680 millicandelas/lux at a light entrance angle of 0 degree, not less than 1120 millicandelas/lux at any light entrance angle from 10 degrees down to 10 degrees up, and not less than 560 millicandelas/lux at any light entrance angle from 20 degrees right to 20 degrees left.

(a) In the same locations and in the same length in which retroreflective sheeting is required by S5.7.1.4 to be applied in alternating colors, reflex reflectors shall be installed in a repetitive pattern of two or three white reflex reflectors alternating with two or three red reflex reflectors, with the center of each reflector not more than 100 mm from the center of each adjacent reflector.

(b) In the same locations and in the same length in which white retroreflective sheeting is required by S5.7.1.4 to be installed, white reflex reflectors shall be installed, with the center of each white reflex reflector not more than 100 mm from the center of each adjacent reflector.

(a) The lens of each original and replacement equipment headlamp, and of each original equipment and replacement equipment beam contributor shall be marked with the symbol "DOT" either horizontally or vertically which shall constitute the certification required by 49 U.S.C. 30115.

(b) The lens of each headlamp and of each beam contributor manufactured on or after December 1, 1989, to which paragraph (a) of this section applies shall be marked with the name and/or trademark registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office of the manufacturer of such headlamp or beam contributor, or its importer, or any manufacturer of a vehicle equipped with such headlamp or beam contributor. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to authorize the marking of any such name and/or trademark by one who is not the owner, unless the owner has consented to it.

(c) Each headlamp and beam contributor to which paragraph (a) of this section applies shall be marked with its voltage and with its part or trade number.

(d) Unless stated otherwise, a tolerance of ± 0.25 degree is permitted during photometric performance tests for any headlamp or beam contributor, and the test points 10U-90U shall be measured from the normally exposed surface of the lens face. The term "aiming plane" means "aiming reference plane" or an appropriate vertical plane defined by the manufacturer as required in S7.7.1.

(e) [CONTENT DELETED]

(a) SAE Standard J1383 APR85 Performance Requirements for Motor Vehicle Headlamps, with the following exceptions:

(b) SAE Standard J580 DEC86 Sealed Beam Headlamp Assembly (except paragraphs 3, 4.1.1, 5.1.1.1, 5.1.2.3, and the second sentence of 5.1.6): in 5.2.1, delete the words "and retaining rings." The correct reference is SAE J1383 Figures 6, 9, 12, and 14.

(c) After a vibration test conducted in accordance with paragraph S8.8, there shall be no evidence of loose or broken parts, other than filaments, visible without magnification.

(d) The maximum wattage at 12.8 V (design voltage): Single filament headlamp, 55 watts on the upper beam; dual filament headlamp, 43 watts on the upper beam and 65 watts on the lower beam.

(a) The requirements of paragraphs S7.3.2 (a) through (c), except that the words "Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2" are substituted for "Table 3" in paragraph S7.3.2(a)(3).

(b) The maximum wattage at 12.8 V (design voltage): 70 watts on the upper beam and 60 watts on the lower beam.

(a) A Type D headlighting system consists of two Type 2D1 headlamps and associated hardware, which are designed to conform to the requirements of paragraphs S7.3.2 (a) through (c), except that the words "Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2 27-1" are substituted for "Table 3" in paragraph S7.3.2(a)(3).

(b) The maximum wattage at 12.8 V (design voltage): 65 watts on upper beam and 55 watts on lower beam.

(a) A Type E headlighting system consists of two Type 2E1 headlamps and associated hardware, which are designed to conform to the requirements of paragraphs S7.3.2 (a) through (c), except that the words "Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2 27-1" are substituted for "Table 3" in paragraph S7.3.2(a)(3).

(b) The maximum wattage at 12.8 V (design voltage): 70 watts on upper beam and 60 watts on lower beam.

(b) The photometric requirements of Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 of this TSD standard. A reaim tolerance of ± 0.25 degree is allowed for any test point on the Type LF lamp when tested alone, but is not allowed on the Type UF lamp when tested alone. For the test point 10U-90U, measurement shall be from the normally exposed surface of the lens face.

(c) SAE Standard J1383 APR85 Performance Requirements for Motor Vehicle Headlamps, Sections 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 4.1, 4.1.4, and 5.1.4.

(d) When tested in accordance with section (c), the mounted assembly (either a Type UF or Type LF headlamp and its respective mounting ring, aiming ring, and aim adjustment mechanism) shall be designed to conform to the requirements of Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2 for upper or lower beams, respectively, without reaim, when any conforming Type UF or LF headlamp is tested and replaced by another conforming headlamp of the same Type.

(e) SAE J580 DEC86 Sealed Beam Headlamp Assembly, with the following exceptions:

(f) A lens for a Type F headlamp incorporating an upper beam shall be labeled "UF". A lens for a Type F headlamp incorporating a lower beam shall be labeled "LF". The face of letters, numbers, or other symbols molded on the surface of the lens shall not be raised more than 0.5 mm (0.020 inch), and shall be placed no closer to the geometric center of the lens than 35 mm (1.375 inch). The marking shall be molded in the lens and shall be not less than 6.35 mm (0.25 inch) in size.

(g) The maximum wattage at 12.8 volt (design voltage): 70 watts on the upper beam and 60 watts on the lower beam.

(h) Type F headlamps may be mounted on common or parallel seating and aiming planes to permit simultaneous aiming of both headlamps, provided that when tested with any conforming Type UF and LF headlamps according to Section S10:

(i) After a vibration test conducted in accordance with paragraph S8.8, the Type F system shall show no evidence of loose or broken parts, other than filaments, visible without magnification.

(b) SAE Standard J1383 APR85 Performance Requirements for Motor Vehicle Headlamps (except paragraphs 1, 2.1.2, 2.8.2, 3, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.1.3, 4.4, 4.6, 4.8 through 4.18, 5.1.1, 5.1.3, 5.1.5 through 5.1.16, 5.2.2, and 5.3.5 through 6.4). In paragraph 5.3.2, the words "and retaining rings" are omitted. In paragraph 4.5.2, the words "either Figure 28-1 or Figure 28-2" are substituted for "Table 3".

(c) SAE Standard J580 DEC86 Sealed Beam Headlamp Assembly, with the following exceptions:

(d) After a vibration test conducted in accordance with paragraph S8.8, there shall be no evidence of loose or broken parts, other than filaments, visible without magnification.

(e) The maximum wattage at 12.8 volts (design voltage) for the 1G1 and 2G1 upper beam is 55 watts and 43 watts respectively; for the 2G1 lower beam, 65 watts.

(f) A lens for a Type G headlamp incorporating only part of an upper beam shall be labeled 1G1. A lens for a Type G headlamp incorporating both part of an upper beam and a lower beam shall be labeled 2G1. The face of letters, numbers, or other symbols molded on the surface of the lens shall not be raised more than 0.5 mm (0.020 inch), and shall be placed no closer to the geometric center of the lens than 35 mm (1.375 inch). The marking shall be molded in the lens and shall be not less than 6.35 mm (0.25 inch) in size.

(a) Paragraphs S7.3.8 (a) through (d) except that in paragraph S7.3.8(b), the words "Figure 27-1 or Figure 27-2" are substituted for "Table 3".

(b) The maximum wattage at 12.8 volts (design voltage): 70 watts on the upper beam and 60 watts on the lower beam.

(c) A lens for a Type H headlamp incorporating both an upper beam and a lower beam shall be labeled 2H1. The face of letters, numbers, or other symbols molded on the surface of the lens shall not be raised more than 0.5 mm (0.020 inch), and shall be placed no closer to the geometric center of the lens than 35 mm (1.375 inch). The marking shall be molded in the lens and shall be not less than 6.35 mm (0.25 inch) in size.

(a) The system shall provide in total not more than two upper beams and two lower beams of the performance described in one of the following:

(b) The lower and upper beams shall be provided only as follows where each headlamp contains two light sources:

(e) Each integral beam headlamp system shall be designed to conform to the applicable photometric performance requirements in paragraph (a) of this section, when tested in accordance with Sections 4.1 and 4.1.4 of SAE Standard J1383 APR85 with any headlamps intended for use in such system. The term "aiming plane" means "aiming reference plane" or an appropriate vertical plane defined by the manufacturer as required in paragraph S7.8.1.

(f) The system shall be aimable in accordance with the requirements of paragraph S7.8. A system that incorporates any headlamp or beam contributor that does not have a VHAD as an integral and indivisible part of the headlamp or beam contributor shall be designed so that the appropriate photometrics are met when any correctly aimed and photometrically conforming headlamp or beam contributor is removed from its mounting and aiming mechanism and when it is replaced without reaim by any conforming headlamp or beam contributor of the same type.

(i) An integral beam headlamp may incorporate replaceable light sources that are used for purposes other than headlighting.

(a) The system shall provide only two lower beams and two upper beams and shall incorporate not more than two replaceable light sources in each headlamp.

(b) The photometrics as specified in subparagraphs (c) through (e) of this paragraph (depicted in Figure 26), using any light source of the Type intended for use in such system.

(c) The test requirements of sections 4.1 and 4.1.4 and the performance requirements of section 5.1.4 of SAE J1383 APR85, using the photometric requirements specified in subparagraphs (d) and (e) of this paragraph.

(d) For a headlamp equipped with dual filament replaceable light sources, the following requirements apply:

(e) The following requirements apply to a headlamp system equipped with any combination of replaceable light sources, except those specified in paragraph (d) of this section:

(g) The lens of each replaceable bulb headlamp shall bear permanent marking in front of each replaceable light source with which it is equipped that stating the HB Type, if the light source is designed to conform to subparagraphs (a) through (e) of paragraph S7.7, or bearing the bulb marking/designation specified or provided in accordance with subsection 108(5) of the MVSR, provided in compliance with Section VIII of appendix A of Part 564, if the light source is designed to conform to subparagraph (g) of paragraph S7.7. No marking need be provided if the only replaceable light source in the headlamp is Type HB1.

(h) The system shall be aimable in accordance with paragraph S7.8.

(i) Each headlamp shall meet the requirements of paragraphs S7.4(g) and (h), except that the sentence in paragraph (g) to verify sealing according to section S8.9 (Sealing) does not apply.

(j) A replaceable bulb headlighting system may incorporate replaceable light sources that are used for purposes other than headlighting.

(d) The measurement of maximum power and luminous flux that is specified or provided in accordance with subsection 108(5) of the MVSRsubmitted in compliance with section VII of Appendix A of part 564 of this chapter, or section IV of Appendix B of part 564 of this chapter, shall be made with the direct current test voltage regulated within one quarter of one percent. The test voltage shall be 12.8 v. The measurement of luminous flux shall be in accordance with the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, LM 45; IES Approved Method for Electrical and Photometric Measurements of General Service Incandescent Filament Lamps (April 1980). The filament of a replaceable light source shall be seasoned before such measurement. The white covers are used to eliminate the likelihood of incorrect lumens measurement that will occur should the reflectance of the light source base and electrical connector be low.

(1) For a light source with a resistive element type filament, seasoning of the light source shall be made in accordance with section 2.9 of SAE Standard J1383 APR85, Performance Requirements for Motor Vehicle Headlamps. The measurement of luminous flux shall be made with the black cap installed on Type HB1, Type HB2, Type HB4, and Type HB5 light sources, and on any other replaceable light source so designed, and shall be made with the electrical conductor and light source base shrouded with an opaque white colored cover, except for the portion normally located within the interior of the lamp housing. The measurement of luminous flux for Type HB3 and Type HB4 shall be made with the base covered with the white cover shown in the drawings for Types HB3 and HB4 specified or provided in accordance with subsection 108(5) of the MVSR filed in Docket No. NHTSA 98-3397.

(2) For a light source using excited gas mixtures as a filament or discharge arc, seasoning of the light source system, including any ballast required for its operation, shall be made in accordance with section 4.0 of SAE Recommended Practice J2009 FEB93, Discharge Forward Lighting Systems. With the test voltage applied to the ballast input terminals, the measurement of luminous flux shall be made with the black cap installed, if so designed, and shall be made with the electrical conductor and light source base shrouded with an opaque white colored cover, except for the portion normally located within the interior of the lamp housing.

(e) If a ballast is required for operation, each ballast shall bear the following permanent markings:

(1) Name or logo of ballast manufacturer;

(2) Ballast part number or unique identification;

(3) Part number or other unique identification of the light source for which the ballast is designed;

(4) Rated laboratory life of the light source/ballast combination, if the information for the light source has been specified or provided in accordance with subsection 108(5) of the MVSRfiled in Appendix B of part 564 of this chapter;

(5) A warning that ballast output voltage presents the potential for severe electrical shock that could lead to permanent injury or death;

(6) Ballast output power in watts and output voltage in rms volts AC or DC; and

(7) The symbol "DOT".

(a) Each headlamp or beam contributor that is not visually/optically aimable in accordance with S7.8.5.3 of this TSD standard shall be equipped with fiducial marks, aiming pads, or similar references of sufficient detail and accuracy for determination of an appropriate vertical vehicle plane to be used with the photometric procedures of SAE J1383 APR85 for correct alignment with the photometer axis when being tested for photometric compliance, and to serve as for the aiming reference when the headlamp or beam contributor is installed on a motor vehicle. The fiducial marks, aiming pads, or similar references are protrusions, bubble vials, holes, indentations, ridges, scribed lines, or other readily identifiable marks established and described by the vehicle or headlamp manufacturer.

(b) Each motor vehicle manufactured on and after September 1, 1998, shall be equipped with headlamps or beam contributors which have a mark or markings that are visible from the front of the headlamp or beam contributor when installed on the vehicle to identify the optical axis of the headlamp or beam contributor to assure proper horizontal and vertical alignment of the aiming screen or optical aiming equipment. The manufacturer is free to choose the design of the mark or markings. The mark or markings may be on the interior or exterior of the lens or indicated by a mark or central structure on the interior or exterior of the headlamp.

(c) Each headlamp that is visually/optically aimable in accordance with S7.8.5.3 of this TSD standard shall be marked in accordance with S7.8.5.3(f).

(a) When installed on the vehicle, adjustment of one aim axis through its full on-vehicle range shall not cause the aim of the other axis to deviate more than ± 0.76 degree.

(b) If the performance specified in paragraph (a) of this section is not achievable, the requirements of S7.8.5.2(b)(3) apply, except that if the aiming mechanism is not a VHAD, the requirements specific to VHADs are not applicable, and the instruction shall be specific to the aiming mechanism installed.

(c) A visually/optically aimable headlamp that has a lower beam shall not have a horizontal adjustment mechanism unless such mechanism meets the requirements of paragraph S7.8.5.2 of this TSD standard.

(a) Allow movement of the headlamp system, when tested in the laboratory, to be not less than the full range of pitch on the vehicle on which the headlamp system is installed and for the horizontal aim range limits of S7.8.4,

(b) Conform with the photometrics applicable to it with the lens at any position relative to the reflector within the range limits as specified in S7.8.2.2(a),

(c) Be exempted from the aim range limits for testing in a laboratory in S7.8.3, and

(d) Be exempted from S7.8.4 if it is visually/optically aimable and has fixed horizontal aim.

(b) When a headlamp is installed on a motor vehicle, its aim in any direction shall not change by more than 0.30 degree, nor shall the lamp recede more than 2.5 mm (0.1 inch) after being subjected to an inward force of 222 Newtons (50 pounds) applied evenly to the lens parallel to the mechanical axis.

(c) Each headlamp system mounting and aiming mechanism shall be subjected to a salt spray (fog) test in accordance with ASTM B117-73, Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing, for a period of 50 hours, consisting of two successive 25-hour periods of 24 hours exposure followed by 1 hour of drying. At the end of 50 hours, the headlamp system shall be capable of meeting any of the applicable requirements of paragraph S7.8.

(d) Each headlamp system which is designed to use the Headlamp Aiming Device Locating Plates with adjustable legs for the 100 x 165 mm unit and the 142 x 200 mm unit, and which has adjustable length legs, shall meet the requirements of subparagraphs (1) and (2) below.

(1) The lens shall have three aiming pads which meet the requirements of Figure 4, Dimensional Specifications for Location of Aiming Pads on Replaceable Bulb Headlamp Units. The aiming pads need not be centered at the geometric center of the lens or on the optical axis. Except as provided in subparagraph (2), a whole number which represents the distance in multiples of 2.54 mm (tenths of an inch) [i.e. 7.62 mm (0.3 inch) = 3] from the aiming reference plane to the respective aiming pads that are not in contact with that plane shall be inscribed adjacent to each respective aiming pad on the lens. The height of these numbers shall be not less than 4 mm (0.157 inch). If there is interference between the plane and the area of the lens between the aiming pads, the whole number represents the distance to a secondary plane. The secondary plane shall be located parallel to the aiming reference plane and as close to the lens as possible without causing interference.

(2) If the most forward aiming pad is the lower inboard aiming pad, then the dimensions may be placed anywhere on the lens. The dimension for the outboard aiming pad (Dimension F in Figure 4-4) shall be followed by the letter "H" and the dimension for the center aiming pad shall be followed by the letter "V". The dimensions shall be expressed in multiples of 2.54 mm (tenths of an inch).

(e) Each headlamp may be designed to use the nonadjustable Headlamp Aiming Device Locating Plate for the 100 x 165 mm unit, the 142 x 200 mm unit, the 146 mm diameter unit, or the 178 mm diameter unit of SAE J602, or the 92 x 150 mm Type F unit, and incorporate lens mounted aiming pads as specified for those units in Figures 10, 13, 5, or 7, respectively, in SAE J1383 APR85 or Figure 11 of this TSD standard for the Type F unit. If so designed, no additional lens marking is necessary to designate the type of plate or dimensions.

(a) Aim. The VHAD shall provide for headlamp aim inspection and adjustment in both the vertical and horizontal axes.

  (b) Aiming instructions

(c) Each headlamp equipped with a VHAD that is manufactured for use on motor vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 1998, shall be manufactured with its calibration permanently fixed by its manufacturer. Calibration in this case means the process of accurately aligning the geometry of the VHAD devices with the beam pattern for the purposes of compliance with the TSD standard.

(d) Testing the VHAD

(1) The headlamp assembly [the headlamp(s) and the VHAD(s)] shall be mounted on a level goniometer aligned to a photometer located not less than 18.3 m (60 ft.) from the VHAD assembly. The assembly shall be mechanically aimed using the VHAD, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions as provided with the vehicle on which the VHAD is intended to be used. A 0.25-degree reaim is permitted in any direction at any test point to allow for variations in readings between laboratories. The test shall be conducted in accordance with the procedures of paragraphs 4.1 and 4.1.4 of SAE J1383 APR85. Under these conditions, the mounted headlamp assembly shall be designed to conform to the photometric requirements appropriate for the headlamp system under test.

(2) When tested in accordance with subsection (1) of this section with any replacement headlamp unit(s) or light sources intended for use in the system under test, the VHAD and headlamp system shall be designed to conform to the photometric performance requirements appropriate for the system under test.

(3) The same VHAD and associated headlamp(s) (or headlamp assembly) shall be rigidly mounted in a headlamp test fixture and comply with the following laboratory test procedures:

(a) Vertical aim, lower beam. Each lower beam headlamp shall have a cutoff in the beam pattern. It may be either on the left side or the right side of the optical axis, but once chosen for a particular headlamp system's design, the side chosen for the cutoff shall not be changed for any headlamps intended to be used as replacements for those system's headlamps.

(b) Horizontal aim, lower beam. There shall be no adjustment of horizontal aim unless the headlamp is equipped with a horizontal VHAD. If the headlamp has a VHAD, it shall be set to zero.

(c) Vertical aim, upper beam

(d) Horizontal aim, upper beam

(e) Photometric requirements and measurement

(f) Marking

(a) A headlighting system designed to conform to SAE Standard J584, Motorcycle and Motor Driven Cycle Headlamps, April 1964, or to SAE Standard J584, April 1964, with the photometric specifications of Figure 32 and the upper beam aimability specifications of paragraph S7.9.3; or

(b) One half of any headlighting system specified in S7.1 through S7.6 which provides both a full upper beam and full lower beam. Where more than one lamp must be used, the lamps shall be mounted vertically, with the lower beam as high as practicable.

(a) A headlighting system designed to conform to SAE Standard J584, Motorcycle and Motor Driven Cycle Headlamps, April 1964, with the photometric specifications of Figure 32 and the upper beam aimability specifications of paragraph S7.9.3; or

(b) A headlighting system that conforms to S7.9.1(b).

(a) The rate of modulation shall be 240 ± 40 cycles per minute.

(b) The headlamp shall be operated at maximum power for 50 to 70 percent of each cycle.

(c) The lowest intensity at any test point shall be not less than 17 percent of the maximum intensity measured at the same point.

(d) The modulator switch shall be wired in the power lead of the beam filament being modulated and not in the ground side of the circuit.

(e) Means shall be provided so that both the lower beam and upper beam remain operable in the event of a modulator failure.

(f) The system shall include a sensor mounted with the axis of its sensing element perpendicular to a horizontal plane. Headlamp modulation shall cease whenever the level of light emitted by a tungsten filament light operating at 3000 degrees Kelvin is either less than 270 lux (25 foot-candles) of direct light for upward pointing sensors or less than 60 lux (5.6 foot-candles) of reflected light for downward pointing sensors. The light is measured by a silicon cell type light meter that is located at the sensor and pointing in the same direction as the sensor. A Kodak Gray Card (Kodak R-27) is placed at ground level to simulate the road surface in testing downward pointing sensors.

(g) When tested in accordance with the test profile shown in Figure 9, the voltage drop across the modulator when the lamp is on at all test conditions for 12 volt systems and 6 volt systems shall not be greater than 0.45 volt. The modulator shall meet all the provisions of this TSD the standard after completion of the test profile shown in Figure 9.

(h) Means shall be provided so that both the lower and upper beam function at design voltage when the headlamp control switch is in either the lower or upper beam position when the modulator is off.

(a) If the system consists of a single headlamp, it shall be mounted on the vertical centerline of the motorcycle. If the headlamp contains more than one light source, each light source shall be mounted on the vertical centerline with the upper beam no higher than the lower beam, or horizontally disposed about the vertical centerline and mounted at the same height. If the light sources are horizontally disposed about the vertical centerline, the distance between the closest edges of the effective projected luminous lens area in front of the light sources shall not be greater than 200 mm (8 inches).

(b) If the system consists of two headlamps, each of which provides both an upper and a lower beam, the headlamps shall be mounted either at the same height and symmetrically disposed about the vertical centerline or mounted on the vertical centerline. If the headlamps are horizontally disposed about the vertical centerline, the distance between the closest edges of their effective projected luminous lens areas shall not be greater than 200 mm (8 inches).

(c) If the system consists of two headlamps, one of which provides an upper beam and one of which provides the lower beam, the headlamps shall be located on the vertical centerline with the upper beam no higher than the lower beam, or horizontally disposed about the vertical centerline and mounted at the same height. If the headlamps are horizontally disposed about the vertical centerline, the distance between the closest edges of their effective projected luminous lens areas shall not be greater than 200 mm (8 inches).

(a) A headlamp shall be mounted in the abrasion test fixture in the manner indicated in Figure 5 with the lens facing upward.

(b) An abrading pad meeting the requirements in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(4) of this section shall be cycled back and forth (1 cycle) for 11 cycles at 10 cm ± 2 cm (4 ± 0.8 inches) per second over at least 80 percent of the lens surface, including all the area between the upper and lower aiming pads, but not including lens trim rings and edges.

(c) (1) The abrading pad shall be not less than 2.5 cm ± 0.1 cm (1.0 ± 0.04 inch) wide, constructed of 0000 steel wool, and rubber cemented to a rigid base shaped to the same vertical contour of the lens. The "grain" of the pad shall be perpendicular to the direction of motion.

(d) A pivot shall be used if it is required to follow the contour of the lens.

(e) Unused steel wool shall be used for each test.

(b) The test fluids are:

(c) After the headlamp has been wiped with the test fluid, it shall be stored in its designed operating attitude for 48 hours at a temperature of 23 ± 4 degrees C (73 ± 7 degrees F) and a relative humidity of 30 ± 10 percent. At the end of the 48-hour period, the headlamp shall be wiped clean with a soft dry cotton cloth and visually inspected.

(a) A connector test shall be performed on each filament circuit prior to the test in subparagraph (b) according to Figure 1 and of SAE Standard J580 DEC86. The power source shall be set to provide 12.8 volts and the resistance shall be set to produce 10 amperes.

(b) The headlamp with connector attached to the terminals, unfixtured and in its designed operating attitude with all drain holes, breathing devices, or other designed openings in their normal operating positions, shall be subjected to a salt spray (fog) test in accordance with ASTM B117-73, Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing, for 240 hours, consisting of ten successive 24-hour periods. During each period, the headlamp shall be mounted in the middle of the chamber and exposed for 23 hours to the salt spray. The spray shall not be activated during the 24th hour. The bulb shall be removed from the headlamp and from the test chamber during the one hour of salt spray deactivation and reinserted for the start of the next test period at the following times: at the end of the first and last three 23-hour periods of salt spray exposure and at the end of any two of the fourth through seventh 23-hour periods of salt-spray exposure. The test chamber shall be closed at all times, except for a maximum of 2 minutes which is allowed for removal or replacement of a bulb during each period. After the ten periods, the lens reflector unit without the bulb shall be immersed in deionized water for 5 minutes, then secured and allowed to dry by natural convection only.

(c) Using the voltage, resistance, and pretest set up of paragraph (a), the current in each filament circuit shall be measured after the test conducted in paragraph (b).

(a) The headlamp lens surface that would normally be exposed to road dirt shall be uniformly sprayed with any appropriate mixture of dust and water or other materials to reduce the photometric output at the H-V test point of the upper beam (or the ½D-1½R test point of the lower beam, as appropriate) to 25 ± 2 % of the output originally measured in the photometric test conducted pursuant to paragraphs S7.4(i) or S7.5 (a) through (e), as applicable. A headlamp with a single Type HB1 or HB2 light source shall be tested on the upper beam only. Such reduction shall be determined under the same conditions as that of the original photometric measurement.

(b) After the photometric output of the lamp has been reduced as specified in paragraph (a), the lamp and its mounting hardware shall be mounted in an environmental chamber in a manner similar to that indicated in Figure 7 "Dirt/Ambient Test Setup". The headlamp shall be soaked for one hour at a temperature of 35 + 4 - 0 degrees C (95 + 7 - 0 degrees F) and then the lamp shall be energized according to paragraph S8.6 for one hour in a still air condition, allowing the temperature to rise from the soak temperature.

(c) The lamp shall be returned to a room ambient temperature of 23 + 4 - 0 degrees C (73 + 7 - 0 degrees F) and a relative humidity of 30 ± 10 % and allowed to stabilize to the room ambient temperature. The lens shall then be cleaned.

(a) The test fixture consists of a horizontal steel plate to which three threaded steel or aluminum rods of 12.5 mm (0.5 inch) diameter are screwed vertically behind the headlamp. The headlamp assembly is clamped to the vertical rods, which are behind the headlamp. All attachments to the headlamp assembly are made behind the lens and vents or openings and are not within 50 mm (2 inches) laterally of a vent inlet or outlet.

(b) The mounted headlamp assembly is oriented in its design operating position, and is placed in a controlled environment at a temperature of 38 + 4 - 0 degrees C (100 + 7 - 0 degrees F) with a relative humidity of not less than 90 percent. All drain holes, breathing devices, and other openings are in their normal operation positions for all phases of the humidity test. The headlamp shall be subjected to 24 consecutive 3-hour test cycles. In each cycle, it shall be energized for 1 hour at design voltage with the highest combination of filament wattages that are intended to be used, and then de-energized for 2 hours. If the headlamp incorporates a turn signal, it shall flash at 90 flashes per minute with a 75 ± 2 % current "on-time".

(c) Within 3 minutes after the completion of the 24th cycle, the air flow test will begin. The following shall occur: The mounted assembly shall be removed, placed in an insulating box, and covered with foam material so that there is no visible air space around the assembly; the box shall be closed, taken to the air flow test chamber, and placed within it. Inside the chamber, the assembly with respect to the air flow, shall be oriented in its design operating position. The assembly is positioned in the chamber so that the center of the lens is in the center of the opening of the air flow entry duct during the test. The headlamp has at least 76 mm (3 inches) clearance on all sides, and at least 102 mm (4 inches) to the entry and exit ducts at the closest points. If vent tubes are used which extend below the lamp body, the 76 mm (3 inches) are measured from the bottom of the vent tube or its protection. The temperature of the chamber is 23 + 4 - 0 degrees C (73 + 7 - 0 degrees F) with a relative humidity of 30 + 10 - 0 percent. The headlamp is not energized.

(d) Before the test specified in paragraph (e) of this section, the uniformity of the air flow in the empty test chamber at a plane 102 mm (4 inches) downstream of the air entry duct shall have been measured over a 102-mm (4-inch) square grid. The uniformity of air flow at each grid point is ± 10 percent of the average air flow specified in paragraph (e) of this section.

(e) The mounted assembly in the chamber shall be exposed for one hour to an average air flow of 1.7 + 0 - 0.15 m/s (330 + 0 - 30 ft/min.), as measured with an air velocity measuring probe having an accuracy of ± 3 percent in the 1.7 m/s (330 ft/min.) range. The average air flow is the average of the velocity recorded at six points around the perimeter of the lens. The six points are determined as follows: At the center of the lens, construct a horizontal plane. The first two points are located in the plane, 25 mm (1 inch) outward from the intersection of the plane and each edge of the lens. Then, trisect the distance between these two points and construct longitudinal vertical planes at the two intermediate locations formed by the trisection. The four remaining points are located in the vertical planes 25 mm (one inch) above the top edge of the lens and 25 mm (one inch) below the bottom edge of the lens.

(f) After one hour, the headlamp is removed and inspected for moisture.

(a) With the headlamp in the headlamp test fixture and the lens removed, the entire surface of the reflector that receives light from a headlamp light source shall be wiped once to the left and once to the right with a 152 mm (6-inch) square soft cotton cloth (with pressure equally applied) which has been saturated once in a container with 60 mL (2 ounces) of one of the test fluids listed in paragraph (b). The lamp shall be wiped within 5 seconds after removal of the cloth from the test fluid.

(b) The test fluids are:

(c) After the headlamp has been wiped with the test fluid, it shall be stored in its designed operating attitude for 48 hours at a temperature of 23 ± 4 degrees C (73 ± 7 degrees F) and a relative humidity of 30 ± 10 percent. At the end of the 48-hour period, the headlamp shall be wiped clean with a soft dry cotton cloth and visually inspected.

(a) The headlamp with the lens removed, unfixtured and in its designed operating attitude with all drain holes, breathing devices or other designed openings in their normal operating positions, shall be subjected to a salt spray (fog) test in accordance with ASTM B117-73, Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing, for 24 hours, while mounted in the middle of the chamber.

(b) Afterwards, the headlamp shall be stored in its designed operating attitude for 48 hours at a temperature of 23 ± 4 degrees C (73 ± 7 degrees F) and a relative humidity of 30 ± 10 percent and allowed to dry by natural convection only. At the end of the 48-hour period, the reflector shall be cleaned according to the instructions supplied with the headlamp manufacturer's replacement lens, and inspected. The lens and seal shall then be attached according to these instructions and the headlamp tested for photometric performance.

(a) Type F headlamp systems. The assembly shall be located on a goniometer placed not less than 18.3 m (60 feet) from the photometer. The LF unit shall be aimed mechanically by centering the unit on the photometer axis and by aligning the aiming plane of the lens perpendicular to the photometer axis. Then the assembly shall be moved in a plane parallel to the established aiming plane of the LF headlamp until the UF headlamp is centered on the photometer axis. Photometry measurements of the UF photometry unit shall be completed using the aiming plane so established, and the procedures of sections 4.1 and 4.1.4 of SAE Standard J1383 APR85, and Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2. A reaim tolerance of ± 0.25 degree is permitted in any direction at any test point.

(b) Integral beam headlamp systems. The assembly used for simultaneously aiming more than one integral beam headlamp shall be placed on a test fixture on a goniometer located not less than 18.3 m (60 feet) from the photometer. The assembly shall be aimed by centering the geometric center of the lower beam lens(es) on the photometer axis and by aligning the photometer axis to be perpendicular to the aiming reference plane or appropriate vertical plane defined by the manufacturer of any lower beam contributor. Photometric compliance of the lower beam shall be determined with all lower beam contributors illuminated and in accordance with sections 4.1 and 4.1.6 of SAE Standard J1383 APR85, and Figure 15-1 or Figure 15-2. The assembly shall then be moved in a plane parallel to the established aiming plane of the lower beam until the assembly is located with the geometric center of the upper beam lens(es) on the photometer axis. Photometric compliance for the upper beam shall now be determined using the figure and procedure specified for the lower beam. During photometric testing, a 0.25-degree reaim is permitted in any direction at any test point.

  Figure 17-2: Photometric Test Point Values for Visual/Optical Aim Headlighting Systems

Figure 19: Visibility of Installed Lighting Devices

Figure 20: Visibility of Installed Lighting Devices

Figure 32: Motorcycle and Limited-Speed Motorcycle Motor-Driven Cycle Headlamp Photometric Requirements